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Since the beginning of the war, China has carefully balanced its support for Russia with formal neutrality and peace proposals. However, over more than three years of fighting, it has become clear that Beijing is a crucial pillar in Moscow’s war of attrition. This support is not limited to diplomacy, information, and economic backing; China is also a major supplier of dual-use goods to Russia.

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Kaja Kallas, the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, called China “the main sponsor of Russian aggression,” adding that: “It is clear that China is the key enabler of Russia’s war. Without Chinese support, Russia wouldn’t be able to wage the war to the extent that they are. We know that 80 percent of dual-use goods are routed to Russia through China.”

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A recent analysis of Russian Shahed and Geran-2 drones launched at Ukrainian territory showed an increase in the number of Chinese components replacing American ones (apparently due to efforts to circumvent sanctions), compared to 2023. According to the Ukrainian military intelligence, the new CRP antennas for the Geran-2 drones contained only two American-made chips, with the majority of parts, including transceivers, generators, and microchips, manufactured in China. The main chip of the CRP antenna was made by the Chinese company Beijing Microelectronics Technology Institute (BMTI).

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